Data Analytics and Understanding Big Data Literature review

Data Analytics and Understanding Big Data - Literature review Example Te article is relevant to the rest of the sources in that it also discusses the uses of artificial intelligence although in a different professional field. In this article, the researchers have found that artificial intelligence has not been widely accepted as a tool to use in medical settings although some of its earliest applications were healthcare oriented. Currently, artificial intelligence tools are being used individually for different purposes, such as, for device control and waveform analysis. The researchers have also found that because of the availability of big data and opportunities for improved healthcare delivery efficiency, AI tools must be applied in the intensive care environment for a variety of purposes including controlling of bedside devices and monitoring of electronic data systems. The researchers have concluded that with the use of artificial intelligence tools, healthcare delivery costs can be reduced and patient outcome can also be improved. The article has been written in a well-organized manner and the reader does not get out of focus at any stage while reading the article. Summing it up, the article includ es a wide range of information that can be used to the research paper regarding uses of artificial intelligence in different organizational settings. Bahrammirzaee, A 2010, ‘A comparative survey of artificial intelligence applications in finance: artificial neural networks, expert system and hybrid intelligent systems’, Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1165-1195. This article deals with the use of artificial intelligence tools in financial settings. The main purpose of the article is to establish the role of artificial intelligence tools in making true financial decisions. Portfolio management, credit evaluation, and financial prediction and planning are those three domains of a financial market that need a proper and careful analysis in order for them to come

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example Another reason for the inability of a manager to manage creativity is the fact that change whether positive or negative will always receive criticism when introduced to a firm. It is not the role of management to create animosity in its daily operations and it will therefore not push for changes in production unless the methods proposed will lead to a very significant change in productivity (Kreitner 2009, p.434). The role of creativity and innovation although important in any field could be expensive as finances are necessary in order to conduct research into the feasibility of the new proposals. Therefore, management might not always be inclined to invest in this research as it does mean diverting resources into risk prone areas when already proven departments in a company might need money to fund other methods of production and projects whose profit is guaranteed (Finney 2010, p.149). Therefore, for creativity to grow in a company, management should strive to reduce its level of s upervision in the company’s daily operations. ... These include the employees’ freedom to operate, encouragement from their work group, encouragement from their immediate supervisor and as well as encouragement from the team as a whole (Williams 2008, p.159). Other factors to consider would be occupational obstacle due to policy and the degree of sophistication of the work, by evaluating these factors the management can see how to promote creativity in the organization. This is such as by increasing the difficulty of the work for the employees, the firm will see innovativeness nurtured as the employees will be forced to think critically as opposed to when doing repetitive rudimentary tasks. Creative people tend to have a disregard for rules and therefore do not stay in places with many policies and procedures it is therefore imperative to give them space to perform lest they become discouraged (Andriopoulos and Dawson 2009, p.339). Although creativity cannot be managed, management must find a way of dealing with the demands o f creative people lest they demoralize them and lose out. Why is environmental awareness important and what are the likely consequences to organizational effectiveness of failing to take account of environmental factors? Environmental awareness is very important for any business especially in this error where preservation of natural resources has been put as a priority by most governments. The environment always changes and it is important for a business to respond to emerging trends in a good time before it is viewed as irrelevant and therefore surpassed by its competitors. Detecting trends before they have become mainstream is very important for businesses as its gives them an edge over others in product design and branding.

Concepts Of Performance Management In Human Resources

Concepts Of Performance Management In Human Resources Abstract Performance management is becoming increasingly important in the department of Human Resources in recent years. It refers to a systematic instrument for improving the development of individuals, teams and organizations. With the wide acceptance of performance management to the organizations, how can it be understood, accepted and implemented by managers and employees effectively in practice? The paper makes a study on the performance management from the perspective of Human Resources, analyses the definitions and process of performance management and discusses the positive and negative effects of performance management. Overall, it will be argued that the positive effects of performance management outweigh its negative effects, but it is also necessary to pay attention to its disadvantages, such as judgement errors caused by distortion of performance information. Performance Management in HR à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  . Introduction The concept of performance has been around for more than a hundred years, experiencing some remarkable changes in the process of performance developments and subsequently integrating into the Human Resources Management system. Performance management, as one of the most important parts in these development procedures, has attracted intensifying attention in many organizations. In addition, economical globalization, speedy development of technology and high capitalizations are conspicuous trends in this fast-paced society, people have to promote their performance and become more flexible to satisfy the needs of this fast-changing and competitive society. Hence, how to select employees, who are regarded as an organizations greatest assets, plays a dominant role in avoiding companies to fall behind their competitors. Simultaneously how to keep the talent and how to encourage them to give their maximum ability to improve the competitiveness of company are crucial issues to managers. Effic ient use of performance management can help the company to solve such problems. In this essay, a clear definition of performance and performance management will be given firstly by the analysis of different interpretations put forward by many scholars. Then from four steps, including planning, implementation, appraisal and feedback, it will introduce performance management process. Finally, this essay will attempt to demonstrate that the positive effects of performance management are more significant than the negative. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡. Defining the concepts A. What is performance? Performance management is obviously to do with performance, and what is meant by that word? There are two dissimilar views on the definition of performance. One is the outputs and outcomes of activities, Bernadin et al (1995, cited in Armstrong 2000: 3) states that performance should be defined as outcomes of work because they provide the strongest linkage to the strategic goals of the organization, customer satisfaction, and economic contributions. An alternative view contends that performance is behaviour, including working proficiency, literacy and efforts. Campell (1900, cited in Armstrong 2000: 3) believes that performance is behaviour and should be distinguished from outcomes because they can be contaminated by systems factors. Actually, in the practice of performance management in HR, managers usually intend to use a more comprehensive view of performance, which includes outputs and behaviour, because they have a mutual relationship of complementation, the behaviour is deemed to be one of the indispensable conditions to reach outcomes or outputs of performance. This view is concluded by Brumbrach (1988, cited in Armstrong 2000: 3) that performance is composed of behaviour and outcomes or outputs. Performer tries his or her best to turn abstract plans or behaviour into some concrete outcomes. In other words, behaviour is an instrument for gaining results. To summarize, an overall definition of performance should consist of behaviour and results, and these two elements need to be taken into account when measuring the performance of individuals and teams. B. Performance management Performance management is an essential part in HRM, which has become increasingly popular since the 1980s. Dransfield (2000: 69) states that performance management is a process which is designed to improve organizational, team and individual performance and which is owned and driven by line managers. According to Dransfields (2000) definition, currently, there are three different viewpoints on the definition of performance management. The first one is to be understood as organizational performance. It means that the implementation of organization strategies should emphasize on the adjustment of organizational structure, business process, technology and targets. The second viewpoint is that performance management is a means of getting better results from teams. Performance management applies to everyone in the business team, not just managers, but also employees. As stated by Armstrong (2000:5), It rejects the cultural assumption that only managers are responsible for the performance of their teams and replaces it with the belief that responsibility is shared between managers and team members. The third one claims that the core of performance management is developing individuals potential, and after that improving organizational performance through aligning individual and organiza tional targets. This essay is in favour of the third opinion, mainly because the inconsistent or missing information of target content is inevitable during the top-down transmission from organizational targets to individual targets. In order to make sure the staffs activities and outputs are congruent with organizational targets, it is widely believed that performance management should be focused on guiding and helping staffs to fulfil their tasks in the light of organizational target and requirement. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¢. The process of performance management In order to ensure the targets can be accomplished effectively and punctually, managers should follow a performance management process in an orderly way. An all-around definition is provided to reflect the performance management process, as a management cycle under which program performance objectives and targets are determined, managers have flexibility to achieve them, actual performance is measured , and this information feeds into decisions about programme funding, design, operations and rewards or penalties'(Curristine, 2005: 131). This section will introduce the standard Deming cycle applied in the performance management context and the Deming cycle refers to PDCA where P for plan ,D for do, C for check and A for action. During plan phase the goals and information are decided for employee or team. The do phase is for the implementation of plan and in check phase, supervisors will review and appraise the performance, then confirm the performance and gives feedback in the stage o f action(Evans Lindsay, 2008). A. Performance planning Performance planning is the starting point of performance management process, including three basic aspects-setting the direction, concluding performance agreements and agreeing personal development plans(Armstrong 2000:17-18). In other words, performance planning is deemed to be an activity of deciding what to do and how to do it. Compared to the other types of planning in traditional process and management activities, performance planning has the following characteristics: (1). The process of performance planning is a bidirectional communication between managers and employees. (2). All members, including managers and employees should be responsible for drawing up plans together. B. performance implementation Performance implementation is one of the most fundamental parts throughout the performance management. Undoubtedly, without this basic guarantee of performance implementation, plans cannot be put into practice. In essence, performance implementation is a process of delivering organizational targets or plans from managers to employees, and then people have flexibility to achieve them. C. Performance appraisal Performance appraisal is the focal part of performance management in which managers give assessment to individuals work and achievements in relation to the organizational targets. A useful definition of performance appraisal is set out by the Adivory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) which states that: appraisals regularly record an assessment of an employees performance, potential and development needs. The appraisal is an opportunity to take an overall view of work content, loads and volume, to look back on what has been achieved during the reporting period and agree objectives for the next'(cited in Dransfield, 2000: 71). Generally speaking, the main task of performance appraisal is to identify what the employee is to do and has it been done well. Hence, it is necessary to establish a standard for performance appraisal. If an employees behaviour can be in accordance with the following criteria, it is deemed that this is an effective performance: 1. Strategic Congruence, 2. Validity, 3. Reliability, 4. Acceptability, 5. Specificity (Baker, 1988). D. Performance feedback After being checked, individuals need to know whether their performance is good or not. So managers should provide feedback which needs to be concerned with actual performance and careful measurement. The good feedback is not simply warning employees what they have done wrong or successful, but also guiding a way for individuals future development and improvement. This feedback information is also the evidence that human resources strategy and feedback improve leadership capability and consequently affect organizational performance (Mabey Martin, 2001). In the practise of feedback, there are a number of methods to give feedbacks; one of the most famous systems is 360-degree feedback, which refers to a process in which employees receive confidential, anonymous feedback from the people who work around them, including managers, peers, subordinates and customers (Tyson Ward, 2004). To sum up, performance feedback can be collected from abundant information channels, ranging from superio rs to subordinates, colleagues to customers, and thereafter this feedback information will flow into decision about strategic adjustment, modification, rethinking operation and rewards or penalties. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ £. Performance management influences the development of HRM With the wide dissemination of performance concept, performance management has attracted intensifying attention in many organizations. Managers have placed a premium on the employees performance in their work. So the adoption of performance management not only can improve organizational performance, but also can be personally fulfilling and skill-enhancing. However, there are still some potential problems existing in performance management, which seems to undermine the organizational and individual development. This section will attempt to demonstrate that the functional effects of performance management are more significant than the dysfunctional. A comprehensive definition is provided to point out the functional effects, as In general term, we define a phenomenon as being functional if its consequences contribute positively to a larger structure (Van Dooren, 2010: 152). Performance management thus would have functional effects when it contributes to the whole target of organization. Firstly, performance management can stimulate learning and innovation among employees and inside the organization. In terms of employees, performance management provides a motivation for encouraging employees to improve their own skills, especially those who perform poorly; they are guided to meditate deeply on their working practice, the defects in particular, which is the pivotal to the improvement of their performance. So only keep learning, can employees ensure that they can hold the job position and follow the best career path for themselves. In terms of the whole organization, performance management may trigger changes and innovation. Accord ing to De Brujin (2004), it is obvious that the yearly growth in the number of employees is steady in a company, this means that the organization accumulate slack resources who do not make any contribution to organization. The managers in department of HR can therefore adjust and improve the standard of choosing and employing persons, and cut off the overstaffed offices. Moreover, performance management can create transparency in the organization. Managers or supervisors, who are used to having a lot of priority, may commit mistakes, such as judgement errors and bias. Performance management can make their performance more visible inside or outside the organizations. It is an effective way to supervise and keep managers from giving others unfair treatment. Despite the functional effects that performance management has, it is impossible to deny its dysfunctional effects, which can undermine the goals of the individuals and organizations. Deming (cited in Evans Lindsay, 2008) holds the view that performance management nourishes short-term performance at the cost of the long-term planning. In order to realize the short-term interests and personal achievement, employees may make a flimsy promises to their customers and overdraw organizational resources, at last, the development of the whole organization will be blocked. What is more, the negative effects of performance management can be often caused by distortion of performance information and outputs. In conclusion, despite the existence of drawbacks, the positive effects of performance management are more significant than the negative. Performance management is thus an evolutionary process in which individuals can obtain many opportunities for career development, such as receiving training and guiding, improving the development of capabilities, even attainment of full potential. Simultaneously, organizations can get generous profits in return from their professional performance management. It is likely that performance management will have a bright future in the department of HR. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¤. Conclusion As mentioned above, this essay has discussed definitions, process and effects of performance management. It has emerged that the functional effects of performance management are more significant, despite the existence of dysfunctional effects as well. According to Hatry (2008, cited in Van Dooren 2010), performance management may not have a bright future, because some challenges remain to a certain degree and its problems are so thorny that can hinder the development of organizations. Nevertheless, now there are increasingly managers using performance management, as stated by Van Dooren (2010:175), practitioners, management consultants as well as academics have sought solutions in response to the paradoxical and often problematic nature of performance management. Accordingly, the foreground of performance management is still optimistic. An efficient way to solve these problems is to improve the quality of performance information, which can guarantee the reliability and equality of pe rformance appraisal and feedback. From the aspect of employees, adequate training and skills development should be applied in the performance management. In a word, performance management is an indispensable part in the department of HR and it is to be hoped that improvements and adjustments should be taken to deal with challenges and ensure to gain the greatest returns on professional performance management.

Destalinization :: Russian Russia History

Destalinization Politics has always been about image. A good image leads to power, it's that simple. Sometimes it is hard to draw the line between a leader who is genuinely interested in improving the lives of his people and one that is interested in filling a few more pages of the already crowded History book. A good example of this is the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its transition time between 1953 and 1964. The tyrannical rule of Joseph Stalin in the USSR was finally over, and the nation sought a new leader; after nearly a decade, one man, Nikita Khrushchev, rose up from the ranks with new ideas for the nation, and an extreme anti-Stalin campaign. But was he truly enraged at the way Stalin ruled or was he using this image in an attempt to capture the same power as his predecessor? The link between the two leaders goes back many years, to nearly the beginning of the communist annexation of Russia. Even today, we find ourselves asking if the politicians we vote for say they will make a r eform to actually help the people, or if they say it as an empty promise in a ploy to get elected or to gain power. Was Nikita Khrushchev a man for the people, or was he simply a puppet with motives unseen to the people that pulled his strings? Joseph Stalin ruled the USSR from 1929 until his death in 1953. His rule was one of tyranny, and great change from the society that his predecessor, Lenin, had envisioned (Seton, 34). Stalin put into effect two self proclaimed "five-year plans" over the course of his rule. Both were very similar in that they were intended to improve production in the nation. The first of these plans began collectivization, in which harvests and industrial products were seized by the government and distributed as needed. The government eliminated most private businesses and the state became the leader in commerce. Stalin also initiated a process called "Russification". (Great Events, 119)" Through this program, he ruled the minority nations of the USSR such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan more strictly. This policy of expansion also helped Stalin seize a large portion of Poland, and it was done under the guise that it was to "enrich the nation." Stalin established a secret police force which was unyielding and went about it's business with an iron fist, bringing down dissenters, revolutionaries, and those that cheated in collectivization.

Kmart: Performance Management Tactics

Kmart- Performance Management Tactics More than one hundred years ago, Sebastian Spering Kresge opened a modest five-and-dime store in downtown Detroit and changed the entire landscape of retailing. The store that Kresge built has evolved into an empire of more than 1,500 stores and an Internet presence that reaches millions of customers. Overall, Kmart’s workforce is highly diverse. Kmart’s total associate population, including store managers, reflects the communities it serves. Almost 32 percent of its workforce represents multicultural minorities. (â€Å"Kmart Corporation† 2008, Funding Universe) Nation's second largest retailer made an effort in the past few years to execute headquarters' strategy at the store level, at least in housewares, Kmart can report some success stories. Accurate category management can â€Å"even the playing field and eliminate the gulf of mistrust that sometimes exists between vendor/broker and retailer,† said Ron Gellish, director of strategic market planning for Kmart. Discount Store News, May 1995) Performance Management Tactics; first step is to review the category, make sure both the retailer and vendor agree on a source for data and that both understand terminology and methodology. A. – Agree on the goal of the project, be it volume increase or profit gain. B. – Assess the category's unit and dollar volume growth rates over the past two years, both by retail trade channel and on a national basis . C. – Determine the market shares for brands in the category and identify any areas ripe for cannibalization. Specifically, Gellish recommended that partners aggregate UPCs by vendor to gauge impact. For instance, the top brand could be from a small vendor, while the next four brands could be from a megacorporation. D. – Be aware of which products are trending up and which are slowing down. â€Å"Maintain objectivity. Be ready to pull your items if the data suggests they are performing poorly–don't just try to delist your competition,† Gellish. (Discount Store News, May 1995) Products must first earn approval from Kmart's Quality Assurance and Technical Design Laboratory, and vendors that want to be thought of favorably by Kmart should participate in the retailer's â€Å"Partners for Quality† and/or â€Å"Partners in Merchandise Flow† programs. (Discount Store News, May 1995)

Most Effective Form of Power

In Chapter 13, we have learned about Power. In section 3. 1, there is a discussion regarding the 6 bases of power. Which type of power do you feel is most effective? Do you possess any of these powers? Please feel free to draw from outside of the business world if you would like. There are six different types of power to include legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power, information power, and referent power. Upon studying the lesson from Chapter 13, I believed the most effective type of power is referent power, â€Å"the ability to attract others, win their admiration, and hold them spellbound† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Unfortunately, I was studying the material as if each individual only holds one type of power. Throughout my research on this topic, I came across an article by Harold Fuqua, Jr. , Kay Payne, and Joseph Cangemi who state, â€Å"an effective leader rarely depends on only one source or base of power† (n. d. ). With this, I discovered the most effective type of power is actually a combination of expert, reward, and referent power. Based on my personal experiences, I have come to the following conclusions regarding the three different types of power that are the most effective when combined. Expert power is â€Å"power that comes from knowledge and skill† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Expert power is important because those who look up to you â€Å"will be dependent on your wisdom and knowledge to help them succeed† (Exforsys Inc. , 2006). In addition, people must not only believe it but must see it so it is imperative for a leader to ensure their â€Å"actions speak louder than their words† (Exforsys Inc. , 2006). I personally find this to be true. In the legal field, expert witnesses are used during courts to testify as to validity of certain evidence. Past experience working with the panel members (equivalent to civilian jury) shows they put more credibility into an expert witness who speaks in terms of science verse an expert witness who tries to dumb it down regardless of their actual knowledge level. Reward power, â€Å"the ability to grant a reward, such as an increase in pay, a perk, or an attractive job assignment† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012), at first glance seem to be the most effective type of power. Most people will strive to complete a job if there is something in it for them at the end. However a 1999 survey of performance-based work/life programs showed only â€Å"66. 8% of the respondents determine the impact of this type of program would improve employee satisfaction† (Prudden, n. d. ). This statistic shows although it might sometimes be an effective type of power, it is not necessarily the most effective. In addition, Liz Prudden points out several potential pitfalls to a reward program, one of which stood out in my mind as the largest downfall, to â€Å"match the reward and recognition to the recipient† (Prudden, n. . ). I find this to be true because if you have two individuals’ working toward a specific goal number, but one individuals’ tasks are more difficult and time consuming, the easier tasked worker has a higher chance of reaching the goal first and therefor obtaining the reward. Finally, referent power is â€Å"power that stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we like, respect, and want to be like them† (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Referent power is important because â€Å"Power is the individual’s capacity to move others, to entice others, to persuade and encourage others to attain specific goals or to engage in specific behavior; it is the capacity to influence and motivate others† (Fuqua, Jr. , Payne & Cangemi, n. d. ). To truly have somebody follow a leader, they need to like or respect the leader. As an example, I previously had a supervisor that I hated. I followed her orders and direction because I had to, but no additional effort was made to go above and beyond. However, I now work for a supervisor that I admire and strive to be like. Now I find myself working harder and am more productive than I was with my prior supervisor. There is no perfect single type of power and rarely will life require only one type of power to truly motivate others. It is imperative to have multiple types of power in order to effectively motivate others in all situations and scenarios. I personally have achieved expert power and referent power. I have expert power in my job because I have been doing the job for eight years, more than most paralegals as many others transfer in nd out while I have only done paralegal work. As such, I have worked extensively in all areas of our career field and am normally the one assigned to train others. I know I have referent power because I have attorneys vying to have me be placed on their team. I have others striving to constantly have a good attitude and smile like I do (so I have been told). These two areas that I have gained some power in, but I have a lot to strive for in the future to obtain more power options. References Bauer, T., & Erdogan, B. (2012). Organizational behavior. (Version 1.1, Ch. 13). Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge Inc. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=http://ebooks.apus.edu/MGMT311/Bauer_Ch13-15.pdf Exforsys Inc. (2006). The importance of using expertise to lead. Retrieved from http://www.exforsys.com/career-center/leadership-skills/the-importance-of-using-expertise-to-lead.html Fuqua, Jr., H., Payne, K., & Cangemi, J. (n.d.). Leadership and the effective use of power. Informally published manuscript, Western Kentucky University, Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Fuqua,%20Jr.,%20Harold%20E.%20Leadership%20and%20the%20Effectives%20Use%20of%20Power.pdf Prudden, L. (n.d.). Reward and recognition. Retrieved from http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/arossett/pie/Interventions/incentivesrewards_1.htm

Seizing the New Day essays

Seizing the New Day essays Jenkins, Wilbert L. Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post-Civil War Charleston. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. The end of the Civil War may have ended the institution of slavery, but this emancipation did not necessarily mean that African Americans in post-Civil War Charleston, South Carolina, experienced an unrivalled freedom. Actually, Wilbert Jenkins shows that the black communitys experience was far from certain in the aftermath of the Civil War. In Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post Civil War Charleston, Jenkins asserts that Charleston blacks, using their wits and their determination, took an active role in the new social order, attempting to shape it to their own needs and purposes (xv-xvi). Ultimately, while he perhaps fails to treat a few possible avenues by which the Charleston African American community grasped their newfound freedom, he provides an informative and compelling account of the extent to which many former slaves went to bring about the new, promised social order. The primary strength of Jenkinss analysis lies in his ability to demonstrate the agency with which the African American community in Charleston actively sought their freedom-socially, politically, and economically. Relying on newspapers, travelogues, census data, and church records, he clearly illustrates, with example after example, the ways in which blacks asserted their freedom. After a brief discussion of an African American experience of slavery, he attempts to describe their participation in the new social order throughout the entirety of the Reconstruction period. Whether celebrating emancipation, striving for economic independence, struggling for an education comparable to that of whites, endeavoring to build a united black community, creating a new religious climate, or fighting for freedom, Charlestons African American population was, as ably shown by Jenkins, activ...

Free Essays on Frederic Chopin (spanish)

Uno de los Compositors mas profundamente originales de la historia , Frederic Chopin , no fue un musico â€Å"ROMANTICO† totalmente tradicional , de hecho , la mayoria de su musica define una categoria separada propia. Nacio en Varsovia , Polonia , el 22 de Febrero de 1810 , Chopin inicio estudios de piano en la escuela de musica de Varsovia , y al inicio de su adolecensia ya era bastante proficiente con ese instrumento. Toco su primer concierto publico a la edad de 7 anios , y ya publicaba como compositor a los 15. Al final de la decada de 1820 , Chopin se habia ganado una gran reputacion como virtuoso del piano y compositor de piezas para ese instrumento. El recorrio Europa , dando actuaciones de concierto para audiencia y criticos extaticos. En 1831 , arribo a paris para uno de sus conciertos: y tan inmediato fue su amor por esta ciudad , que rapidamente decidio hacerle su nuevo hogar. El nunca mas regreso a Varsovia. En Paris , Chopin estaba en constante demanda como maestro y artista. El era un favorito de los salons parisinos , y contaba con la amistad de muchas de las luminarias artistas del momento , incluyendo a Hugo , Balsak , Liszt , Berlioz , Schumman , Dumax y Delacroix. El poetisismo intenso en su musica lo hicieron un icono romantico para muchos de sus contemporaneous , y el fue acogido por la elite de la sociedad. En 1837 , Chopin conoce a la novelista Mme , Aurore Dudevant , quien usaba el seudonimo de George Sand . los dos comenzaron una relacion volatile y al final trajica , la cual significo una influencia devastadora en la vida de chopin. En 1847 su relacion termino. Descorazonado por la perdidade su amada , chopin continuo componiendo , pero pronto fue atacado por la enfermedad. Por la tuberculosis , enfermo demaciado como para trabajar , y repentinamente , murio el 17 de octubre de 1849 , a la edad de solo 39 anios. Su famosas composiones son 55 Mozarkas, 27 etudes, 24 preludes, 19 nocturnes, 13 p... Free Essays on Frederic Chopin (spanish) Free Essays on Frederic Chopin (spanish) Uno de los Compositors mas profundamente originales de la historia , Frederic Chopin , no fue un musico â€Å"ROMANTICO† totalmente tradicional , de hecho , la mayoria de su musica define una categoria separada propia. Nacio en Varsovia , Polonia , el 22 de Febrero de 1810 , Chopin inicio estudios de piano en la escuela de musica de Varsovia , y al inicio de su adolecensia ya era bastante proficiente con ese instrumento. Toco su primer concierto publico a la edad de 7 anios , y ya publicaba como compositor a los 15. Al final de la decada de 1820 , Chopin se habia ganado una gran reputacion como virtuoso del piano y compositor de piezas para ese instrumento. El recorrio Europa , dando actuaciones de concierto para audiencia y criticos extaticos. En 1831 , arribo a paris para uno de sus conciertos: y tan inmediato fue su amor por esta ciudad , que rapidamente decidio hacerle su nuevo hogar. El nunca mas regreso a Varsovia. En Paris , Chopin estaba en constante demanda como maestro y artista. El era un favorito de los salons parisinos , y contaba con la amistad de muchas de las luminarias artistas del momento , incluyendo a Hugo , Balsak , Liszt , Berlioz , Schumman , Dumax y Delacroix. El poetisismo intenso en su musica lo hicieron un icono romantico para muchos de sus contemporaneous , y el fue acogido por la elite de la sociedad. En 1837 , Chopin conoce a la novelista Mme , Aurore Dudevant , quien usaba el seudonimo de George Sand . los dos comenzaron una relacion volatile y al final trajica , la cual significo una influencia devastadora en la vida de chopin. En 1847 su relacion termino. Descorazonado por la perdidade su amada , chopin continuo componiendo , pero pronto fue atacado por la enfermedad. Por la tuberculosis , enfermo demaciado como para trabajar , y repentinamente , murio el 17 de octubre de 1849 , a la edad de solo 39 anios. Su famosas composiones son 55 Mozarkas, 27 etudes, 24 preludes, 19 nocturnes, 13 p...

Secret Methods of Writing an Argumentative Essay

Secret Methods of Writing an Argumentative Essay Most students note that analytical essays take too much time and effort. Its one of the most challenging tasks. Along with that, if you write a blueprint of the structure, and figure out in what order its better to sort your claims, such a process will become much simpler. We suggest that you dont like to stare at the blank Word page for hours, so you can check various online sources devoted to argumentative writings and get some creative ideas. However, many sources of such a kind provide you with complicated advices which are hard to follow. This is a reason why we decided to describe a secret method that can improve your writing with no extra effort. Generally, it is based on analogies. Analogies help you understand the more general meaning of your entire work. Here is an example of a good analogy: your readers are a cat who wants you to feed it with tasty and fresh information. Now imagine it and get some cat food with our help. Introduction Most writers agree that the introduction is extremely important. Thats not a surprise because this is the first thing that your readers see, and the impression from the introduction affects their impression of the entire paper. To feed your cat with the best food, pay your attention to the all details, especially to the hook. It is the first sentence of your essay, and thats what can help you get some fish for your cat. There are several types of hooks, but they have one thing in common good hooks grab your readers attention and motivate them to keep reading. Lets take a look at the most common hook types: Quotes; Questions; Analogies; Philosophical statements; Facts; Anecdotes; Stories from the first person. Choose any one of these types, and just make sure that it fits your topic and your writing style. Once you hooked your readers, you must provide them with the background information on your subject, to make sure that your audience understands the context of your paper and is familiar with all the specific details. One of the most common mistakes is assuming that your readers know as much about your topic as you do. Dont provide them with detailed and sophisticated data in the introduction section, just write a necessarily brief summary, and go further. You also have to explain why your topic is important, and how your paper may help others who are interested in this subject. Usually, introductions end with a thesis statement its a backbone of your paper, all your arguments and claims must be directly related to this idea. Obviously, its not really easy to write a good thesis statement, but if you take into account our advice, you wont feel any troubles with it. Our advice is simple dont make your thesis too broad. The broader your thesis statement, the more information you need to prove and support it. Nobody wants to read a huge text which is basically about nothing in particular. Introducing your key statement, you can also give a brief description of arguments that youre going to use, to help your readers understand why you choose this point of view. Sometimes, a thesis statement may be even longer than one sentence. Just make sure that it expresses your point clearly, and its not too long. Build Your Argumentation A practice of using three arguments to support your point is quite old and common, because it really works. If you have three paragraphs, each one of which provides readers with a strong argument described in details, your point will look persuasive and strong. This is exactly what you need. At the same time, dont forget that you shouldnt be focused only on your point. We suggest mentioning a few strongest counterarguments, to let your readers understand why an opposite point is wrong. Here is an effective method: describe advantages and disadvantages of the idea. Introduce an opposite point, and rewrite your thesis statement right after that. Another extremely important thing is that if you write something, it must be supported by good evidence. Never count on your readers to just believe you. Prepare for the critical perception, and make all that you can to overcome it. Your evidence must be informative, credible, and relevant. To get enough facts, we suggest preparing for writing and collecting as much information as possible. Along with this, avoid common mistakes that can destroy your paper: Making up facts this is probably the worst thing you can do. Dont even try to fool your audience. All of your readers and instructors can check any fact any time they want, so dont fail because of the lie. Being highly emotional. Emotions are good for narrative essays, but not for argumentative essays. Rely on facts only, and dont be emotional. We also suggest moving from one thought to another through transitional phrases. Such an approach will allow your readers to follow your line of thoughts naturally, without missing any logical details. Dont be afraid to remind them your thesis statement a couple times, it helps stay focused on general ideas of your paper and on thoughts written in any paragraph in particular. Conclusion Once you provided your readers with all necessary information, you have to push them to conclusions. All information must be systematized, so that your audience could get your point clear and have something to think about, after reading. Essays that motivate readers to think are always successful, so make sure that your conclusion section is really good, and your entire paper makes a strong impression. To do it well, follow three simple rules: Repeat your thesis once again. It will help you explain why your claims are really important. Explain what will happen if people dont take your side regarding this issue. This is a really good thing in case youre writing about a controversial issue that is related to the society, politics, health, environment, and so on. Summarize your arguments and explain how they prove your point. Your essay must be persuasive, and all arguments must be tied to your general idea. If you follow our simple advice and do everything right, your essay will get highest grades. Dont be afraid of such a kind of writing task, because everyone is able to cope with it. All you need is practice and a proper writing method.

Biology Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology Article Analysis - Essay Example Miller and several others started to construe that life started not in heat but in ice-at temperatures that hardly any living creatures can currently subsist. The very rules of chemistry may have preferred ice. If existence on Earth began from ice, then man's probability of discovering life in another place in the solar system-not to point out anywhere in the galaxy-could possibly be superior than we could ever think of. The researchers were amazed by the results of the samples which appear better in cold temperatures rather than in room temperatures. With these findings, they tried to submit their documents to a well-known science journal but they were rejected. The reviewer had different theories and notions about their findings such as the idea that the molecules were formed while thawing. Being challenged by this, the researchers conducted more experiments to strengthen the validity and reliability of their claims. When the time came for Trinks to go back to Hamburg in 2003, the scientist had created an assumption that ice was responsible not only for just concentrating chemicals. The ice facade is a plane of positive and negative charges; Trinks predicted those charges seizing specific nucleobases and piling them like Lego, aiding them to combine into a series of RNA. For years scientists had attempted to force RNA chains to develop under all types of circumstances without the means of enzymes; this feat was reached when they were able to form a chain which consisted of about 40 nucleobases. When Biebricher examined his own trials, he was surprised to discover RNA molecules up to 400 bases in length. In more recent, some of his experiments he states he has monitored RNA molecules 700 bases in length. The scientist's outcomes are incredible that some contemporaries have questioned whether unintentional contamination is a possible reason. Orgel supported the experiment. He stated that it was a remarkable result. The experiments and finding of the research opens up possibilities of being able to answer the origin of life on earth as well as the probability of man being able to live elsewhere in the solar system. The common themes that I have noticed on the discussions in the article that I had are: identification and justification of the experiments and findings of different researchers and scientists, the scientific explanations of opposing views and reactions regarding the experiments, the collaboration of experts in the field of biology. Aside from this, the article also provided an insight as to how tedious the jobs of researchers are for it takes years or even decades to be able to come up with breakthrough findings which needs adequate amount of evidence for support. Even though the research already existed for decades, the public still has skepticisms that can be used to challenge, oppose and criticize the works of the researchers. Miller

HR Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Questions - Essay Example Organizations have actually embarked a great deal of changes and expectations from the work force, which has quickened the role of HRM. Three tends that are changing the function of HRM are change management, strategic planning and training and management. These roles have relatively changed a great deal because of economic and technological changes, diversity and increasing demographics and organizational restructuring. For instance, considering socio-political polices which were considered as non-central to HRM are now doing strategic planning. Similarly, change management has to be undertaken by carefully allocating diversity within the organizations as people from different backgrounds and nationalities have become part of organizations. Q2- Describe the differences between internal equity comparisons and external equity comparisons, and explain their consequences on the organization. External equity comparisons are one, when an employer decides to pay wages to his or her work fo rce according to the pay rates implemented by other employers in the market place. For this reason, employers are expected to measure the labor markets to get an idea of how he or she will have to design wage plan. On the other hand, internal equity comparisons occur when an employer decides to pay wages to the employees, according to the nature of job, i.e. the more the work performed by a worker, the more wages he or she will earn. External equity comparisons may result in higher wages being paid to the employees, even if they have not put sufficient input in performing their assigned jobs. Whereas, internal equity comparisons create an environment, where the employer and employees both have fair portion of the money they earn for their efforts at work place. Q3- Discuss comparable worth by (1) defining it and (2) citing four potential problems in its implementation. Comparable worth is an idea, which entails that each worker should receive equal wages, regardless of the gender. C omparable worth is also known as pay equity and it allows an employer to pay equal amounts to different job titles according to their worth for the employer. The biggest problem with comparable worth is that the jobs performed by female workers are usually undervalued or do not have significant impact on the operational capacity of the organization. Moreover, implementing such systems would cause disturbance among male workers, as they will be performing tougher tasks and receiving the same amount as women. Male workers might also raise their voice against this gender discrimination. From social perspective, the individuals might also see it as an act of inequality and denial to the idea that every individual should be treated equally, regardless of the gender. Q4- Describe five reasons why merit pay programs may not help organizations increase their overall productivity. Q5- What are some issues of procedural justice that might arise in administering merit pay? In any company setup where rewards are offered by the management to employees they tend to assess these rewards on the basis of two distinct dimensions, which are namely distributive and procedural. Distributive dimension is related to the evaluation of the value of reward they have received; whereas procedural dimension is related to the assessment of the process, which is adopted by the management to decide the value of reward. Important aspects of procedural justice that may arise in administering merit pay may include 1) whether the manager or supervisor performs his duties ethically 2) whether the manager allow opportunity to employees to express their viewpoints and actually takes them into consideration 3) whether uniform standards

LinkedIn Profile building for a vacancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LinkedIn Profile building for a vacancy - Essay Example My experience in being a team leader has taught me the importance of understanding one’s audience when setting goals, tasks and understanding the needs of the client. I also possess excellent communication skills that are vital in virtual business communications that are key to business success. I also possess excellent drawing and design abilities, and have a long range of experience in developing prototypes. Working with teams have also equipped me with the necessary team contribution and team leadership experience that allows me to develop functional working units within all departments I head. My management style involves the selection of partners who not only match one’s ambition, but also his or her abilities allowing him or her to interact with the team members at the same pace. I hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Design from (x and y) University. I have been working with various design organizations for over 15 years. I am excellent with designing any prototype, despite how unrealistic it might conventionally seem. I also possess excellent research and analytical skills that could come in handy when dealing with large statistics. I have a yearning for growth and enjoy nurturing projects and organizations. Having worked with an international organization, I also possess the vital global strategy skills required in expanding the contemporary

Evaluating the Use of E-Commerce in a 'Brick and Click' Organisation Essay

Evaluating the Use of E-Commerce in a 'Brick and Click' Organisation That Balances E-Commerce with a Continued High Street Rrese - Essay Example The business model of the Argos Company is built around three foundations. These include Argos strong information technology and communication systems, the company’s multi channel approach and finally the organization’s efficient supply chain management systems and alliance with UPS. The company has designed an integrated multi channel systems for consistent communication and distribution across traditional street stores, website, television, telephone, mobile devices etc. For this purpose, Argos has created click and collect online service, text and take home SMS service, ring and reserve telesales service, and Argos Direct home delivery service to ease consumer shopping experience. The E-business strategy of Argos is both businesses oriented and consumers focused. Both suppliers and consumers use the same web platform for transaction and trade. This is because Argos’ e-business supports and promotes the secure transaction through 128 bit SSL. This feature of Ar gos entails modifications for supply chain in e-commerce and it has surfaced as a channel of distribution for inbound and outbound logistics. This role has emerged in addition to the communication role of e-commerce between the company and customers; however, this also has further extended to interaction between suppliers. Moreover, the e-commerce is now deemed as a channel which contributions are surpassed from generating online sales to generating traffic to the street stores. Evaluating the Use of E-Commerce in a ‘Brick and Click’ Organization That Balances E-Commerce with a Continued High Street Presence Introduction This paper is an evaluation of e-commerce practice by a click and mortar company. The organization which is chosen for analysis is Argos, which is a UK based company. The paper studies and analyzes the business model and electronic business strategy of Argos, and determines how the company plans and executes its online business strategy to sustain balan ce between its online sales channel and offline counterparts. It also identifies how the organization, Argos, has designed and aligned its strategic business objectives in leveraging the broad commerce activity, i.e. assessing its business activity online and across the offline stores. Background of the company Argos is a UK based retail division of Home Retail Group, established in 1973. The group owns two separate divisions of Home Retail and Argos. Argos is a preeminent catalogue based retail chain which has both online and offline store presence of over 700 stores across UK and Ireland. The Argos catalogue comprises general merchandise products across a diverse assortment of categories such as furniture, sound & vision, photography, baby products, Do It Yourself goods (DIY), PC & games, personal care, garden & pets, household appliances, home wares, sports & leisure, toys & games, office, and jewelry & watches. The contemporary business orientation of the retail organization of Argo had historical foundations in traditional catalogue business which operates through telesales; however, today the customers’ base at Argo has provided a wide multi channel commerce facility for order placement through telephone, physical stores, electronic online stores, mobile phones, and social media. The organization Argo is a team of around thirty thousand people

When Healing becomes a crimeby Kenney ausubel Essay

When Healing becomes a crimeby Kenney ausubel - Essay Example To better understand the nature of this opposition, it would be useful for all to read the book by Kenny Ausubel titled â€Å"When Healing Becomes a Crime †. This work is centered on the account of the story of Harry Hoxsey, the private practitioner of alternative cancer treatment with the allegedly very high rate of successful healings. During the course of his book, the author manages to demonstrate what factors have influenced the development of the current medical practices, and some of those factors are definitely not very comforting. One of the specific topics that were of the great interest to me in the book and turned out to be almost a revelation was the fact that despite testimonies of cancer surgeons about numerous accounts of "people who got well when they werent supposed to" (Ausubel, 2000, ch.2), the medical establishment, represented by the American Medical Association (AMA), acted to suppress alternative cancer therapies under such pretences as for example that their proponents in reality had no medical skill, while AMA itself was lead by Dr. Morris Fishbein who â€Å". . . failed anatomy in medical school . . . never completed his internship . . . [and] never practiced a day of medicine or treated a single patient . . .† (Ausubel, 2000, p.117). And especially unpleasant it was to learn that such persecution was initiated after unsuccessful attempts of Fishbein to buy the formula of Hoxsey`s anti-cancer preparations. All this information impressed be because it convincingly shows that medical pr ogress is unfortunately far from being always directed by the principles from the Hippocratic Oath. Another piece of information that I found interesting was more optimistic, and concerned the description by the author of instances when the protest of general pubic and the larger medical community was able to prevent unethical actions of AMA, like when in a commercially lucrative for them step

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example For long-term benefits to the organization, CSR should be made a part of the firm's strategic perspective and operations. This paper proposes to discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), taking into account various factors including consumer rights, the significance of ethical consumerism, fair trade consumerism, ecological sustainability, and the cause commerce approach which promote the implementation of CSR. It has been recognized that the activities of an organization influence the external environment, hence it is important that the organization should be accountable to not only its stakeholders, but also to a wider community. This concept initially took root in the 1970s, and grew as a concern for the company as a member of society, with a wider view of company performance including its social performance (Crowther & Rayman-Bacchus, 2004: 3). Though community accountability was acknowledged as essential, the focus of big business on financial results was observed to be an impediment to social responsiveness, especially in the early years of the accountability concept taking shape. There is now an increasing move towards accountability of companies towards all participants, and this recent phenomenon of corporate social responsibility is becoming the norm with all organizations (McDonald & Puxty, 1979: 53).Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company including in its deci sion making and operations, ethical values, employee relations, compliance with legal requirements, transparency, and overall respect for the communities in which they operate. CSR is more than occassional community service action, it is a corporate philosophy that is the driving force behind strategic decision making, selection of partners or collaborators, hiring practices and ultimately brand development (Werther & Chandler, 2006: 8). CSR includes how businesses and organizations manage the impact that they have on the environment and society: particularly how organizations interact with their employees, customers, suppliers, and the communities in which they operate. Also significant is the extent to which they attempt to protect the environment, and solve new corporate problems such as the exploitation of child labour which may be occurring thousands of miles away as part of the corporate activity (Crowther & Green, 2004: 174)."Corporate social responsibility encompasses the ra nge of economic, legal, ethical and discretionary actions that affect the economic performance of the firm" (Werther & Chandler, 2006: 10). This includes legal or regulatory requirements faced in day-to-day operations. Being socially responsible and adhering to the law is an important aspect of any ethical organization. However, legal compliance is only a basic condition of CSR; strategic CSR gives priority to the ethical and discretionary concerns that are less precisely defined and for which there is often no clear or collective consensus from the part of society. Corporate social contract is related to the social responsibility that companies have towards the consumers and to the society at large. Thomas Hobbes' concept of social contract regards corporate activity as morally good if it maximises human welfare, in which collective welfare would be considered above

When Healing becomes a crimeby Kenney ausubel Essay

When Healing becomes a crimeby Kenney ausubel - Essay Example To better understand the nature of this opposition, it would be useful for all to read the book by Kenny Ausubel titled â€Å"When Healing Becomes a Crime †. This work is centered on the account of the story of Harry Hoxsey, the private practitioner of alternative cancer treatment with the allegedly very high rate of successful healings. During the course of his book, the author manages to demonstrate what factors have influenced the development of the current medical practices, and some of those factors are definitely not very comforting. One of the specific topics that were of the great interest to me in the book and turned out to be almost a revelation was the fact that despite testimonies of cancer surgeons about numerous accounts of "people who got well when they werent supposed to" (Ausubel, 2000, ch.2), the medical establishment, represented by the American Medical Association (AMA), acted to suppress alternative cancer therapies under such pretences as for example that their proponents in reality had no medical skill, while AMA itself was lead by Dr. Morris Fishbein who â€Å". . . failed anatomy in medical school . . . never completed his internship . . . [and] never practiced a day of medicine or treated a single patient . . .† (Ausubel, 2000, p.117). And especially unpleasant it was to learn that such persecution was initiated after unsuccessful attempts of Fishbein to buy the formula of Hoxsey`s anti-cancer preparations. All this information impressed be because it convincingly shows that medical pr ogress is unfortunately far from being always directed by the principles from the Hippocratic Oath. Another piece of information that I found interesting was more optimistic, and concerned the description by the author of instances when the protest of general pubic and the larger medical community was able to prevent unethical actions of AMA, like when in a commercially lucrative for them step

Sunnyvale Foods Marketing Analysis Essay Example for Free

Sunnyvale Foods Marketing Analysis Essay Sunnyvale Foods is a brand of canned and frozen fruits and vegetables as well as condiments. While the firm has been around for over a hundred years, their profits have started to decline. From the statement given by the former president of Sunnyvale Foods, it can be deduced that the firm has a production oriented marketing concept. Rather than producing to meet a need, the firm is producing in anticipation of a need. Sunnyvale Foods focuses on mass marketing, aiming at â€Å"everyone† rather than target marketing a specific group (i. e. -busy families). The marketing mix is comprised of the â€Å"four P’s†: product, place, promotion, and price. The product is a line of 65 food items. The place is limited to chain supermarket stores limited by their ability to carry the entire line of 65 foods that the firm produces. Promotion of the firm as described in the case was vague but did mention sales promotion such as manufacturer’s coupons. The price is in the range of competitors but in today’s rushed society, many food brands don’t have the advantage of customer loyalty which results in losing customers to either the store brand or another brand that is offered on sale. The main competitive advantage of Sunnyvale Foods is the history of the business. Based solely on their 127 year old business, their name has become a reputable one. Their primary disadvantage is their vast line of products. By producing 65 different products, they lose advantages found in economies of scale. Also, by having a strict policy requiring stores that carry their product to carry all 65 items, they are given a disadvantage by limiting their potential retailer pool and complicating the process of resupplying inventory. To be stuck in the middle mean to be between differentiations, focus strategy, and cost leadership. While Sunnyvale Foods is focusing on one specific niche of the market, their differentiation is limited to various types of the same product rather than new products. Also, as stated in the case â€Å"no company in the industry has much effect on the price at which its products are sold. † The primary issue with Sunnyvale foods is that the firm is marketing for a production in a marketing company era. While the firm was very successful in years past, the market has changed and that needs to be recognized in their marketing strategy beginning with becoming a marketing oriented firm and finding a target market.

Example Essay on CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Example Essay on CHANGE MANAGEMENT Q) What are the strengths and weakness of Kotters 8-stage model, Lewins Planned Change Model, and the Positivist Model? Change management is a planned process for changing a core function or organization of an enterprise. Interestingly, the process of developing taxonomy can result in the need for change. See Quality Assurance (www.twason.com/glossary.html) Change management is important in every project and this change management will help the project to be successful in any business or organization. There are three models which help change management to be successful in an organization or business and further help them to handle them carefully. The three models which explain about the change in an organization are: Lewins model. Kotters 8-stage model. Positive model. Lewins model There three steps of change management in the Lewins model. Unfreezing. Change. Refreezing Unfreezing is a starting process in an organization in which we determine the need of the change, understand and explain why the change is going on and communicate the vision in order to handle change in an organization. In this starting stage of change, the organization should explain the employees why the change is taking place. When this process starts there may be a crisis in the company and the company should balance everything and it is difficult to maintain it among the employees. The second stage is Change and this is a process in which the employee tries to look forward for new ways to do their work and try to accept the new change. This entire change cannot be done overnight and this is a long process. The third stage is Refreeze which helps to re-shape the organization and employees and also find new ways to work in the organization and it also help the organization to gain a change in every- day business life. There should be benefits to the employees who are trying to find new ways to work and the feedback should be taken from the employees regarding the change in the company. Strengths and Weaknesses of lewins model are. The main strength of the lewins model can be specified as easiest and simplest model to implement in any organization. It also helps employees to face new problems and to overcome those. When the change is taken place, the communication between every individual will increase and they work in teams in order to overcome the problems. The weaknesses of this model lead to the crisis in the company and the entire change cannot be done overnight and there may be lot of confusion in the employees and they need to find new ways to do their work. The weaknesses of this model are not in detail. Kotters 8- stage model The 8- stages of kotters model are Create urgency. Form a powerful coalition. Create a vision for change. Communicate the vision. Remove obstacles. Create short-term wins. Building on the change. Anchor the changes in corporate culture. These are 8-stages of kotters stage model. The first stage of kotters helps the organization to find out the changes to be taken place in the organization and helps to find the threats and defaults in the company and also rectify them and this stage shows the opportunities to overcome these. Finally this stage helps the organization in becoming strong. In the second stage, form a powerful coalition which helps to build teams or groups to lead the changes in the organization and also helps to encourage the teams. The third stage creates a vision of change. That is to Create a vision to help direct the change effort (MINDTOOLS, 2006). This also helps to develop the strategies for achieving the goals. The fourth stage is communicating the vision. This stage shows how to communicate the new strategies and new ways to every individual in the organization. The fifth stage is removing obstacles. This stage shows how to remove the obstacles when changes take place and helps to Change systems or structures that seriously undermine the vision. (MINDTOOLS, 2006). The sixth stage shows the Plan for visible performance improvements and creates those improvements (MINDTOOLS, 2006). There should be rewards and benefits to the employees who perform well in the organization. The seventh stage is same as the Change in lewins model. The eighth stage is same as the Refreezing in the lewins model. Strengths and weaknesses of the kotters 8-stages are Strengths: The strengths of the kotters 8-stage is model is very simplistic and easy to understand rather than lewins model. The strength of this model is, it can easily identify the problem and it also helps to clear the problem in very short period. This can be successful when all the employees are communicated well in all the stages. Weaknesses The major weakness of this model is that it may lead to wrong assumptions. Another weakness of this model is, the model itself. This model is not flexible once this model starts its process than it is difficult to change its way. This model is difficult to communicate to the employees and which may lead to frustration among the employees to find the new ways to handle the change occurring in the organization. POSITIVE MODEL Change models are not only having high success in implementing but also have the failures equally. They also have the negativism in planning their organizational change. The positive model helps to criticize the negativism in the organizational planning. This positive model also guides the organization whether it is going in a right way or not and helps the organization to develop. There are 5 stages in this positive model. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009) Initiate the inquiry: In this phase the organization team finds out the issue which is going to be change in the organization. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009) Inquire the best practices: In this phase the organization team gathers the information about which is the best policy to implement the change. The organization team members collect the information from every individual of the organization and choose the best one to do. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009) Discover the themes: In this phase they gather information and stories from each and every employee about their experience this is done by interviews and meetings. This kind of information helps the organization to overcome all the obstacles. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009) Envision a preferred future: In this phase the gathered information from the employees is taken into consideration and then the organization support these ideas into the program. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009) Design and deliver to create the future: In this phase, the design and deliver for the future is processed. In this phase, slight changes can be made in order to achieve the goals of the organization. (Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley, 2009) Strengths and weaknesses of the positive model: Strengths: The strength of this model is, it helps to find out the negativism in the organization when the change is taken place. The employee satisfaction is taken as a main theme in this model. This model is flexible and slight changes can be done during this process. Weaknesses: The weakness of this model is that it will not create urgency in the change process. There may be conflicts between the employees in decision making. There is no specialty in this model. It is same as the remaining models. Conclusion I finally conclude that all the models have their own strengths and weaknesses. The lewins model is the easiest model but it is not explained in detail and it is complicated. Positive model is same as the remaining models and it is slightly different when compared to remaining models. I strongly recommend that kotters 8-stage model is the best model among all the change models as it is explained in detail and it is flexible in changing process and the communication between the employees when compared with the other models. So I finally conclude that, though all are the best models according to my research, but I strongly say that kotters 8-stage model is the best model.

The Play Years Essay -- essays research papers

The Play Years   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early childhood is often characterized by endless make-believe and sociodramatic play which indicates the development of mental representation. Sociodramtic play differs from simple make-believe play in that it involves play with peers. This stage of play is often referred to as the Preoperational Stage. This is the stage immediately after Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage. The Preoperational Stage spans from two to about five or six years of age. At this stage, according to Piaget, children acquire skills in the area of mental imagery, and especially language. They are very self-oriented, and have an egocentric view; that is, preoperational children can use these representational skills only to view the world from their own perspective (http://web.psych.ualberta.ca/~mike/Pearl_Street/Dictionary/contents/P/piaget's_stages.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout early childhood, children's preoperational cognitive development is observed. Egocentrism -- being unaware of any perspectives other then their own -- is often seen is children ranging from two to six or seven years. Piaget's three mountain problem illustrates this phenomenon clearly; that is, children who looked at three mountain peaks, designated by different colors, could not pick a picture representing the three peaks from a doll's point of view. Instead, the pictures represented their own point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conservation problems also are c...

Britney Spears Essay -- Biography

Modern society has made a sub-culture that lives in a reality that is not real. It is so far from the truth that the inhabitants of this sub-culture so often cannot live in both realities and have become a spectacle for others to marvel at. This sub-culture is made up of entertainers, millionaires, and athletes. The people in this group can range from newborns to death and some live on well after. The specimens that I find an interest in are the young ones that enter into this society not knowing well that their lives will never be the same. Britney Spears was just another victim of the society that brings into their prison. Britney Spears was born on December 2, 1981. She lived in Kentwood, Louisiana and was constantly performing in front of people and always wanted to be on 'Star Search'. Britney tried out for the New Mickey Mouse Club at age 8 and then again at 11 and made it. Then she went solo because her talent was evident and she wanted more (A & E Television Networks, 2011). Britney was very successful from 1998 to 2000. During these years, things were changing for her. Britney was telling people about her â€Å"remaining a virgin until marriage† yet she was posing in pictures that convinced people to think otherwise. Her albums still continued to sell in the United States as well as in Europe. She embarked on many successful roads through 2003 (Wikipedia, 2011). Her public finally saw her as a woman not a girl. In 2002, Britney and her boyfriend Justin Timberlake broke up. The following year during the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, Britney and former fellow Mouseketeer Christina Alguilera kissed Madonna sensually (A&E Television Networks, 2011). Madonna has been a major influence in Britney's life. Ever since she was a... ...ality disorder is not extreme as it could be from the information that could be found. Because of this, there may be hope that she could live without medication and only therapy. This would be determined as she progresses. Having a stable support system may enable Britney to go back into the singing again but I would recommend that she only does this for small blocks of time. So many young people go into the entertainment business. Most of them do not know that without a support system to keep them grounded and stable their mental development can be compromised. The society that we place so high in our culture and deem worthy of such high praise, eat our children alive. They grow too fast, have to defend themselves constantly, and are watched around the clock. As a society, we must take a look at what we are doing to the people in the entertainment industry.

Slave Trade Simulation

Slave Trade Simulation Paper 26 February 2013 Modern World ONL Trading slaves, a practice that has been described as inhumane, evil, or even blasphemous, left little room for sensitivity for those making the decisions of the trade. Often people wonder how such evil could continue in the world for as long as it did. â€Å"The rewards of the slave trade overwhelmed any religious inhibitions that some of the traders and other beneficiaries might have had. 1 [Islam’s Black Slaves, p. 159] I will explain the delicacies of the trade agreements of the Yao, Kilwa-based Swahili Trade Lineage, and of the Zanzibari Indian Trading Lineage. After taking control of Kilwa in the mid-1780s, Oman transferred the bulk of the slave and ivory trade there. 2 [Islam’s Black Slaves, p. 146] The Swahili Trading Lineage of Kilwa were pleased, as it leveled the playing field and enabled trade to be profitable for everyone of the area.If you are wondering how these slaves could have put up with such harsh conditions, keep in mind that, though the traders poorly treated slaves, the slave-owners often treated them more humanely. The ones who were not killed in the travel of the trade were lucky to be alive and thus weakened at the thought of revolt. As for the traders, many of their negotiations were so binding that they could not go back on an agreement at any cost. Trading elite were normally more concerned with upholding status as businessmen and thus, carried out any horror in the name of honor.The politics of the slave trade were very much like those of the 21st century, in the sense that some were at the tip of the pyramid, with those who were the middle and finally its base. Yao elite kept their honor and held their position on the ground level by providing for their people through trade. Their mercantile success also determined their power locally, as they were a matrilineal society. The Swahili Trading Lineage (A. K. A. the next level of the pyramid), who acquired t heir slaves from the Yao, were facing pressures from the Zanzibari Indian Traders, who were controlling more and more of their territory.These Zanzibari, who were actually Bhattians based in Oman, were looking to prove their worth with the Omani by influencing more trade in the Kilwa region, thus moving up a notch on the pyramid. The Omani (the eye of the pyramid) had recently forced the Portuguese out of power over their area, allowing for more even trade for the Swahili Trading Lineage. All were trying to hold their ground against the exerting power of the Omani while remaining in good relations with those who benefited them.The Yao headmen, who were having trouble keeping their slaves alive prior to the trade, had to make a decision as to where 50 additional slaves to be given to the Swahili Lineage would come from. They could have chosen to attack a neighboring village, which might have had devastating consequences. Second, they could have offered up criminals of local villages. This would run them the risk of upsetting powerful families and causing half of the headmen’s lives if expected profits were not realized.Third, they had the option of sending Yao traders to the Portuguese for the extra slaves. This would have caused prices to increase by 50%, which would have affected their probability of providing the right amount of slaves. For the Kilwa-based Swahili Trading Lineage, their main concern was conducting an effective and honorable business transaction in order to promote a marriage alliance with the Zanzibari Indian Trading Lineage. This would counter the growing authority the Zanzibari had over the Kilwas and protect their status as elites.In order to do so, they had to fairly treat the Yao traders while ensuring a profit of at least 10 slaves and a gift for the Zanzibari of at least 10 slaves as well. Possibly the most influential of the transaction were the Zanzibari Indian traders. They set the market prices and held the fate of the Kilw a-based lineage in their hands. For the trade, wealth was just as important as power for the few who conducted the human trade. Profits were estimated to be over 60 percent, substantially higher for anyone who simultaneously traded ivory. Traders were not inclined to let go of their influence at any cost. Those who stood in the way of a successful trade were eradicated or assimilated. Bibliography Ronald Segal,  Ã‚  Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora  ( New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002) Robert E. Strayer,  Ã‚  Ways of the World: A Brief Global History,  Volume II,  Since 1500  (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Ronald Segal,  Ã‚  Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora  ( New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002)

How do feminists explain inequality between the sexes and how do they seek to remedy it?

Feminism is the only ideology that believes that gender is a form of discrimination, if not the strongest of social boundaries compared to race, status, and nationality. For this reason feminists focus on gender inequality and the specific roles that men and woman lead in every day life as a result of gender discrimination. Feminism can be traced back to 1405 in the book by Christine de Pisan's â€Å"Book of the City of Ladies†. This book contained the basic skeleton of thought that is present in modern day feminism, as it celebrates and highlights women and their contribution through out history, similar to cultural feminism. This clearly shows that from long ago there has always been a demand for equal rights between the sexes. In the last century many schools of feminist thought have emerged as a result of this question of equality and many different remedies have also come as result. Today feminism is an ideology that has a very broad horizon, which is only normal for an area as vast and amorphous as gender. Liberal feminism emerged in the 1850's and was the school of thought that dominated first wave feminism. Liberal feminism is the belief that focussed on woman enjoying the same rights as men, and for this reason first wave feminism focussed on the public sphere of politics. Liberal feminists believed that the problem was in the political sphere of life, as woman at the time were literally not allowed in the public sphere of life. The British suffrage movement lead by mother and daughter Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst in the 1903 organised many forms of protest that were aimed at achieving the goal of the female vote. The feminists at the time thought that gaining the vote would be the most important right that women needed, and as a result the other gender divides in society would disappear. For this reason it is understandable to see why feminists at the time thought gaining the vote would solve inequality between the sexes as the external rights would affect everyday life, and internal affairs. Legislation was the only way that woman could gain the vote, and bring equality. Once the bill had been passed than it would be the responsibility of the ruling body to implement and protect that laws and this would mean woman having the same protected rights as men, or so they thought so. The methods that the suffragettes used to achieve this ranged from handing out leaflets, chaining themselves to property, and even to the use of hunger strikes. These methods no doubt gained media attention, but not necessarily positive media attention. However these forms of protests did increase awareness among other woman, and also inspired others to join the movement as well. The movement grew through out the 19th century, and had the clear focus of gaining the vote. Despite woman's obvious contribution to society it was only until the start if the First World War when they could prove they were just as capable as men were. When the war was over and won in 1918, woman over the age of thirty were given the right to vote in 1920. This right to vote was given for many reasons, woman had proved that they could do the men's jobs, and were just as capable. Also the government realised that as growing power in the world, the British workforce would be stronger if women were a part of the workforce as well. The voting franchise was further extended to woman aged 18 in 1928. The goal of first wave feminism had been achieved, woman had the vote and but this caused the movement lose the impetus. But it was clear that inequality still remained between the sexes, gaining the female vote had raised the political status of women slightly, but failed to achieve the original goal of bringing equality between the sexes. . The feminist movement did not stop here, but instead the opposite happened, feminists had to look at the bigger picture and not just rely on one piece of legislation to solve inequality. Where did inequality start? How is it maintained? But mostly, if gaining the vote didn't end equality than what would? These questions were the main focus of second wave feminism, which emerged decades later in the 60's. Second wave feminism aimed at achieving the goals that first wave feminism failed to achieve, and for this reason the movement this time was dominated by a more contemporary approach, radical feminism. In 1963 Betty Frieden wrote â€Å"The feminine mystique†, and the first chapter was called â€Å"The Problem With No Name†. This problem was what most women were going through at the time. Trying to live up to the perfect images of a housewife, but at the same time feeling empty and not knowing their true identity. The problem with no name took the idea of true liberation for woman. If woman were liberated in their personal lives, and then this in turn would liberate in the public sphere. Betty Frieden stressed on the message that women should not coup themselves up at home, and should broaden their horizons through striving for true liberation. Radical feminists like Kate Millett took this new perspective of focussing on woman's everyday lives further, when the concept of patriarchy was discussed in her book â€Å"Sexual Politics† written in 1969. Patriarchy literally means rule by the father, but feminists use this term to describe men's general dominance in society. Radical feminists believe that patriarchy is how men maintain the position over women in society. When looking at patriarchy radical feminists like to focus on everyday relationships between men and women. For example when a woman irons her husband's clothes, this can show how men for their own benefit use women and also how woman are confined to the house. It also shows that patriarchy starts from the home, and is built in the family structure â€Å"rule by the father†. Women are socialised into believing that they are inferior to men, they are socialised to be weak, and as Simone de Beauvoir said â€Å"Woman are not born they are made†. Thus the only way to get rid of patriarchy is summarised in the statement â€Å"The personal is the political†, meaning woman should liberate themselves in their personal lives as well. Gaining the vote didn't bring equality, because patriarchy starts from the family (the heart of society), patriarchy is maintained through socialisation, and patriarchy in turn shapes society. The radical feminist Shulasmith Firestone looks at how women are biologically weaker than men, and how this makes it possible for men to dominate women. She argues that woman have the ability to have babies, this links to menstruation, breast- feeding, and childbirth, which are all disadvantages as they limit what a woman can do in her life. These biological characteristics also take away large amounts of freedom from women. One of the reasons why woman are mostly in low paid, part time work, is because they have other commitments at home. Most of the high well-paid jobs, are dominated by men, this may be because of the gaps in employment that woman take when pregnant and so fail to get promoted. Her solution to this is to defy women's nature with the aid of modern technology. Ideally women should have complete control over their ability to give birth and this will mean that children will be born outside the womb. However women taking control of their biology will only be the first step towards women being completely in control of every aspect if their lives. Radical feminism goes against Liberal feminism in one way, liberal feminists believe that the state and legislation is the solution to gaining equality. However radical feminists believe that the state is used as a tool that keeps women in an inferior position in society. Radical feminism also believes in the concept of sisterhood, and this is shown through how Shulasmith Firestone, stresses that the biological family is present in all societies. Showing that all women are suffering, and weak as a result of their biology. This is why radical feminists believe that woman should all be united in their struggle, against men, and towards true liberation. Sisterhood is important to radical feminists, as it strengthens the movement, and woman will be able to seek strength in each other rather than rely on men. The other schools of feminists thought that have come about after the 60's is Marxist feminism, which focuses on how woman are abused by the capitalist system. Marxists feminists like Sue Sharpe states that women are used as a surplus labour force ready for to be used and disposed of easily. Also that women are drained of their energy and time, through maintaining the present workforce (their husbands), and also at the same time rearing the future workforce (their children). Marxist feminists stress on how woman are used and abused in both the home and the workplace, and men dominate both environments. Another school of feminist thought is ecofeminism, which looks at the link between nature and females. Ecofeminists like Van Plumwood believe that the world would be a better place if women were in charge. The reason for this is that woman innately are more caring than men, they have they ability to raise children and nurture human life. Ecofeminists also focus on the state of the world today, pollution, global warming, the dumping of toxic wastes, and other environmental issues. But some feminists argue that this form of feminism is reactionary, meaning that it takes woman backwards away from progress, as it is taking the female role back to biology. This is similar to pro-womnism that also focuses on the positive side about women's role to reproduce. These two schools of thought would clash with radical feminist who believe that women are handicapped due to their nature. Black feminism is a school of feminist thought, which mixes race with gender. It is the argument that white woman dominates the feminist movement and political scene mainly. This may be true as it was the middle class women, that had the time and the money to involve themselves in politics, and they were usually white. New feminism can be viewed as the third wave of feminism but it hasn't really come crashing like the other two previous waves. Maybe because the movement has passed its use but feminists would argue that the movement still has its aims. New feminism believes in breaking the link between the personal and the political hence â€Å"the personal is less political†. This has been done because many women are put off by the obtrusive nature of the slogan. The statement shows that new feminism is trying to make women more comfortable with being feminists. This is ideal for women who do not want the their public life to mix with their private life. New feminism also looks at issues like abortion, pornography, which are controversial and affect woman greatly. This shows that it is not the end of the line for feminism because women constantly face new problems in a modern growing society, and need organisations that will help them. The feminist movement has changed greatly through out the past century, and no doubt a great deal has been achieved. Feminism by having these different stages has shown the world that it is almost evolutionary, and will be around for a longer time. Organisations like NOW are one of the biggest in America, and lobby a vast range of issues concerning women. Women today are still benefiting from the work of the past feminists, in areas of education, work, and politics. Overall the feminist movement has been a success, a remedy for true equality and liberation may not of been found yet. But instead many have been put forward, which have caused women to think further and also think for the future of â€Å"personkind† as well.

Rob Dyrdek

Rob Dyrdek is a guy who has had some tough times but has always had a great outlook on life and a great personality! I look up to this guy and wish to someday be like him! Dyrdek is an inspiring person do to his outlook on charities and how much he truly gives! â€Å"Change within a community comes when vision meets hard work and persistence† (Claudine Heizer. ) When he does something he is very determined to get it done, he won't leave business unfinished! Rob Dyrdek is a very charitable man!He enjoys donating to charities and builds skate parks for kids out there who don't have one in their community! What I love the most is that he will go out and give big black trash bags full of stuff he really just doesn't need that includes: Clothes, Shoes, and other pieces of clothing or accessories that he has laying around! Also he will go up to a random homeless person and offer to take him out for food or give him money and I don't mean the average dollar or two I mean about a hund red dollars, more or less, which is really kind!What the homeless person does with it is their problem but the point is Rob isn't afraid to â€Å"throw his money around† as many people view it as! I see it as him being a very giving person! Dyrdek has a positive, care-free outlook on life which is quite inspiring. Rob has the endurance and potential to accomplish victory no matter what triumphs he has to conquer. Dyrdek can really accomplish great things! When he starts something he'll do it until he is finished! He gives to children; he honestly is a great guy!Rob Dyrdek would get bags of his old clothes and he would pack it up in those big black trash bags and go up to some homeless guy and just give it to them! Also he wanted to learn how to fly one of those electric helicopters and saw that there was family owned business and bought all of the helicopters so he would learn! He helps families in need even if it is for immature projects like that family owned business! To o ffer and accept encouragement are significant responsibilities for Rob. He enjoys encouraging others and he is only human he needs people to encourage him!His personality plays a huge role on his life as well as his outlook! He is a sweet, caring guy who likes to encourage and be encouraged! There are some people out there that actually need that extra â€Å"You look great today! † or that â€Å"I love your shirt! † It makes them feel as if people actually pay attention or really do care! The things some people do may astonish you for a while! Especially what Dyrdek does and how he looks at things! I hope there are more people out there who see the world like he does or would take a glance at what he sees through his eyes!

The Economic Impacts within the Oil and Natural Gas Industries Research Paper

The Economic Impacts within the Oil and Natural Gas Industries - Research Paper Example it has employed numerous Americans to participate in the exploration of new oil fields, production, processing, supply, and marketing of the oil and natural gas. It also buys the intermediate raw materials from the U.S. producers. This has led to industrial development, thus, leading to creation of more jobs. America is in the middle of an oil and natural gas revolution, which has the potential of significantly affecting the environment, national security and most importantly the economy. It is now able to tap into enormous stores of oil and natural gas locked in shale deposits around the country, thanks to technology breakthroughs. These include horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing also referred to as fracking and seismic imaging. These new possibilities will enable the country to replace coal as a source of energy with cleaner and environmental friendly natural gas (Friedman, 2012). The shale oil and natural gas boom however has been a mixed blessing for the independent oil an d gas firms. While technology breakthroughs have helped to open up new vast areas for exploration and production, the natural gas prices have been on the lower side creating challenges for the production companies. This is because, these companies are trying to justify the cost of production but the lower gas prices are making it harder for them. Current gas prices only provide these companies with marginal profit possibility at best considering the high production costs. While crude oil prices keep rising, standing currently at $93 per barrel, prices for natural gas remain stuck at $2.96 per a thousand cubic feet (Contagion oil & gas, 2010). Economists hope that natural gas will substitute crude oil considering gas is cheaper relative to energy produced. This however, is not likely to happen with production companies seeking to shift from production of natural gas to crude oil to correct the financial imbalance (Contagion oil & gas, 2010). According to an article published in finan cial times, companies may be looking to shift from natural gas to production of oil. Many production companies are looking to sell off their natural gas assets for a chance to participate in the booming shale oil market. While much attention has been paid to large quantities of natural gas shale, companies have realized that with newer technology, they can extract oil too. The article states that by 2010, the number of companies drilling oil in the country had increased from 180 in 2009 to 720 (Contagion oil & gas, 2010). Chesapeake, the second largest gas producer in the country, stated that it was reducing its gas production by 7 percent by the year 2013. This would bring down the company’s record of 23 years in which it has managed to increase to its production every year. The company officials commented that gas production would continue to decline if the prices kept on going down. This is because current prices will not allow companies to make an attractive return on the ir investments particularly in light of the investment costs incurred in developing the new unconventional gas fields that are likely to increase gas production for the next five years (Ridder, 2012). While a reduction in gas production would be considered a negative thing, today it is not. In fact, investors and analysts consider an increase in gas production as negative. Oil and gas companies are looking forward to generate attractive returns from natural gas production. Moreover,